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BERBER


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Contents

General

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Berber is a large family of Afro-Asiatic languages spoken across much of Northern Africa (Ethnologue), mainly in Morocco and Algeria, with small communities in populations in Libya and Egypt. The ISO 639 identifier for the Berber languages is ber; Ethnologue has no single identifier for the group.

This survey concentrates on the three major Berber languages or dialect groups of Morocco: Tarifit, Central Atlas Tamazight, and Tachelhit. The name Amazigh, a Berber name for the people themselves, has recently been also used for these three languages collectively (Ameur et al.). The family is also called Tamazight by some, but that risks confusion with individual languages. -- Some resources are also listed for other Berber languages, especially Kabyle.


Dialects

Amazigh is multi-dialectal with no de facto standard form, although the Moroccan Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe (IRCAM) has proposed one that has gained some acceptance. The dialects are basically mutually intelligible, except for the extremes. Morphologically there are few differences, the principal differences being lexical and phonological; the latter are not generally reflected in writing.

The three main Moroccan dialects of Berber/Amazigh are collectively called "shilha" (شلحة) in Arabic:

Tachelhit

Sometimes known in Arabic as "soussi" (سوسي) or "cleuh" (شلوح). Spoken in south-west Morocco, in an area between Ifni in the south, Agadir in the north and Marrakech and the Draa/Sous valleys in the east.

Information based on Ethnologue [121205]

  • ISO 639-3 code: shi
  • Region:
    • Morocco: Southwest, from coast south to Ifni, north to near Agadir, northeast to Marrakech outskirts, east to Draa, including Sous valley, and south near the border.
    • Algeria: South near Morocco border, Tabelbala area.
    • Also in France
  • Population: 3,000,000 in Morocco (1998).
  • Alternate names: Cleuh, Shilha, Soussi, Southern Shilha, Susiua, Tachilhit, Tashelhait, Tashelhayt, Tashelheyt, Tashelhit, Tashilheet, Tashilhiyt, Tashlhiyt, Tasoussit. ‘Shilha’ is the Arabic name for Moroccan Berber varieties in general.
  • Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Atlas

Tamazight

Information from Ethnologue ("Central Atlas Tamazight") [121129]

  • ISO 639-3 code: tzm
  • Spoken in:
    • Morocco: Middle Atlas, High Atlas, eastern High Atlas Mountains. 1,200,000 in rural areas between Taza, Khemisset, Azilal, Errachidia; 100,000 outside the language area. Also spoken in Western Algeria mountain area of Atlas and adjacent valleys to Taza, in the vicinity of Rabat, south near the Moroccan border.
    • Algeria: West Atlas mountains area, adjacent valleys to Taza, Rabat area, south near Morocco border.
    • Diaspora in France.
  • Population: 3,000,000 in Morocco (1998). Population total all countries: 3,150,000.
  • Alternate names: Central Shilha, Middle Atlas Berber, Shilha
  • Dialects: Central Atlas, South Oran. Much variety in dialects. May be more than one language.
  • Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Atlas

Tarifit

Spoken in the Rif area of northern Morocco.

Information from Ethnologue [121129]

  • ISO 639-3 code: rif
  • Spoken in:
    • Morocco: North. Dialects listed are near Al Hoceima.
    • Algeria: Along the coast, east Alteria to Arzeu.
    • Also in Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain.
  • Population: 1,500,000 in Morocco (1991). Total all countries: 1,700,000.
  • Alternate names: Fifia, Northern Shilha, Rif, Rifeño, Riff, Rifi, Rifia (the Arabic name), Ruafa, Shilha, Tirifie.
  • Dialects:
    • Morocco: Urrighel, Beni Iznassen (Beni Snassen)*, possibly other
    • Algeria: Arzeu, Igzennaian, Iznacen (Beni Iznassen)*.
    * Beni Iznassen may be a separate language.
  • Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Riff

Kabyle (Algeria)

Information from Ethnologue [121129]

  • ISO 639-3 code: kab
  • Population: 2,537,000 in Algeria (1995). Estimates by some sources are up to 6,000,000 in Algeria (1998). 49,000 in Belgium. Population total all countries: 3,126,000.
  • Spoken in: Grande Kabylie Mt. range, western Kabylia. Lesser Kabyle in Aokas town area. Also spoken in Belgium, France.
  • Alternate names: Amazigh, Tamazight
  • Dialects: Greater Kabyle, Lesser Kabyle (Tasahlit). Lesser Kabyle (Tasahlit) may be a separate language.
  • Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Kabyle

Maps

Linguistic notes

Amazigh syntax is basically VSO. The phonology has contrasts of voicing, pharyngealization, and tenseness in both stops and fricatives, and a simple three-vowel system plus epenthetic schwa. The verbal morphology involves infixation and alternation of vowels and of tenseness, as well as prefixes, suffixes, and circumfixes, and distinguishes gender in the second and third persons.

Writing

The Berber languages are written in three scripts. See also Encodings and Fonts.

Tifinagh

Tifinagh, the Berber alphabet, is also sometimes called Neo-Tifinagh to distinguish it from historical forms. Unicode range 2D30-2D7F. See Omniglot, Wikipedia. IRCAM, Morocco's Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture, has a standard for Moroccan Amazigh.

Arabic

The Unicode pages for Arabic script are

Roman
  • IRCAM has developed a Roman-alphabet standard, with some diacritics (caron and underdot) and additional letters (capital and small Roman letters open e and gamma): (Č č Ḍ ḍ Ǧ ǧ Ḥ ḥ Ɛ ɛ Ṛ ṛ Ɣ ɣ Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ Ẓ ẓ). See Wikipedia: Berber Latin Alphabet (CC-BY-SA),(GFDL). It is used in a number of publications beyond IRCAM's own.
  • Some publications still use IRCAM Roman orthography in idiosyncratic 8-bit encodings rather than Unicode. These may include variant glyphs, such as Σ and Γ for capital Ɛ and Ɣ. An example from The Amazigh Voice / Taγect Tamaziγt (Vol.8 No.1, p.13); the lowercase gamma (γ) appears in the original as "p", U+0070:
    Γas akka, Ṛum tuzen γer Tmazγa kra n Iḥerriyen imeqranen, wid yuγ lḥal zik d iqerra n kra n temsal.
  • There are also other Roman orthographies. These are here called Roman script, or ASCII if without diacritics and non-Roman letters.

Linguistic resources

Overview

Grammar

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  • Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1968. Tamazight verb structure; a generative approach. Bloomington, Indiana University. ISBN 0877501602 [Based on the Central Atlas Tamazight dialect of Ait Ayache. Phonological theory based on Jakobson & Halle 1956, morphological on Chomsky 1965.]
  • Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971. A Reference Grammar of Tamazight: A Comparative Study of the Berber Dialects of Ayt Ayache and Ayt Seghrouchen. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies. ISBN 0-932098-05-3. The seven sections deal with phonology, the numerical system, pronominal systems, the noun, particles, the verb and sentences. Designed to be used with A Course in Spoken Tamazight (Ernest T. Abdel-Massih). $35.00. No tapes available. 332 pages, typewritten.
    • Online open source. Multiple formats available including PDF (18.6 MB) and Read Online
      [N.B.: We do not recommend the "Full text" format, an OCR version in which many of the symbols, and all of the tables, maps, and diagrams, are missing or unreadable: e.g. (p.2, §I.1), /btd kgq šž xγ mnlr ḥʕh/ becomes /btd kgq §z xy mnlr h^h/.]
  • Ameur, M. et al. 2004. Initiation à la langue amazighe. Centre l’Aménagement Linguistique. Publications de l’IRCAM. Série : Manuels. N° 1. 86pp. [Tarifit, Central Atlas Tamazight, and Tachelhit] PDF
  • Basset, André. 1952. La langue Berbère. Reissue 2004, Harmattan (L'), 324 p. ISBN 2747572781. Review in Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 22, No. 3. (Jul., 1952), pp. 285-288. 30 € from Bibliomonde. London: Oxford Univ. Press for Int'l African Institute.
  • Hamimi, Gaya. 1997. Grammaire et conjugaison amaziγ. Paris : Harmattan. ISBN 9782738454065. 29.00 €. [Mostly Kabyle; small French-Kabyle-Tachelhit vocabulary]
  • Kossmann, Maarten G. 2000. Esquisse grammaticale du rifain oriental. Paris : Peeters. ISBN: 978-90-429-0892-5 37 €. [eastern Tarifit]
  • Naït-Zerrad, Kamal. 2001. Grammaire moderne du kabyle, tajerrumt tatrart n teqbaylit. Paris: Editions Karthala. 2001. 225 pages. ISBN 9782845861725. Amazon.
  • Sadiqi, Fatima. Grammaire du Berbère. [Based on Central Atlas Tamazight (dialect of Aït Hassan), but the author asserts (p.19) that all Berber languages share a common underlying morphosyntax, at least in general, differing primarily in phonology and lexicon.] In the 1997 PDF, at least, some diacritics are missing. We have not seen the 2004 edition.
  • Wikipedia: Tashelhiyt language Well structured sketch of phonology, inflection, and syntax and a short text (folktale, about 100 words), using IPA. (CC-BY-SA),(GFDL)

Lexicon

  • Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971. A Computerized Lexicon of Tamazight: Middle Atlas Berber. Tamazight-English. Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, Ann Arbor, MI. 393 pages plus a 60 page introduction on the grammar of the language. ISBN 0-932098-06-1. Over 10,000 entries. Four parts: Tamazight-English; English-Tamazight; by cultural categories; linguistic lexicon containing listings according to word origin and grammatical categories. $35.00. No tapes available. Print only, despite the title [Communication from University of Michigan, Middle Eastern & North African Studies]
  • Adnor, Abdellah. Nov. 2004. An Electronic Tashlhit-English Dictionary (Prototype). 312 pages, no indication of number of entries. Doctorat D'Etat Thesis. Jointly supervised by Pr. Abderrafi Benhallam (Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco) and Pr. Elisabeth O. Selkirk (University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA). May be available from the author.
  • Agnaou, Fatima (ed.) 2011. Lexique scolaire. Amazigh-French-Arabic dictionary: Three PDFs (one for lookup in each language), plus a separate trilingual preface.
  • Centre de l'Aménagement Linguistique. 2005. Rabat: IRCAM. Vocabulaire 1 - Français-Amazighe. French-Amazigh vocabulary, 3 dialects of Morocco. IRCAM Tifinagh. 119 pages, 850 entries. Electronic version available.
  • Dallet, Jean-Marie. 1982. Dictionnaire kabyle-français: parler des Ait Mangellat, Algérie. Peeters. ISBN 2852971437, ISBN 9782852971431. 1052 pages. 43 €.
  • Destaing, E. 1920. Étude sur la tachelḥît du Soûs. / I, Vocabulaire français-berbère. Tachelhit-French. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale (E. Leroux). 300 pages + 5 page introduction. Print only. OCLC 12872052 (Information from Worldcat. Also listed as 1938; most listings, including 1920, are titled just Vocabulaire franc̜ais-berbère.)
  • Dray, Maurice. 1999. Dictionnaire Français-Berbère: Dialecte des Ntifa. French-Tamazight. Paris: L'Harmattan. 510 pages. ISBN 2-7384-7234-6. Print and PDF
  • Dray, Maurice. 2001. Dictionnaire Berbère-Français: Dialecte des Ntifa. Tamazight-French. Paris: L'Harmattan. 500 pages. ISBN 2-7475-0993-1. Print and PDF
  • Lexilogos.com. Dictionnaire Berbère. See below under Linguistic portals and bibliographies.
  • McClelland, Clive W. III. 2004. A Tarifit Berber-English Dictionary: Documenting an Endangered Language. 5000+ entries. IPA and Tifinagh. Includes intro to phonology, and grammatical sketch with extensive comments on discourse structure. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. 380pp. ISBN 0-7734-6345-3, ISBN 978-0-7734-6345-5. USA $139.95, UK £94.95. [Site accessed 2012-02-08]
  • Saad-Buzefran, Samiya. 1996. LEXIQUE D'INFORMATIQUE FRANÇAIS-ANGLAIS-BERBÈRE. French - English - Tamazight. Paris : L'Harmattan. 120 pages. A list of French I.T. terms with English and Berber (Roman script) equivalents, with notes. Not in Unicode: e.g., lowercase T with dot underneath 'ṭ' appears as lowercase I with circumflex 'î' when pasted from the PDF. ISBN 2738446507, ISBN 978-2738446503.
  • Serhoual, Mohamed. 2002. Dictionnaire tarifit-français. Tarifit - French. Tétouan : Université Malek Essaidi. Print only (part II of a thesis).
  • Shafiq, Muhammad. 1993-2000. Al Mu'jam al 'Arabi-al Amazighi (المعجم العربي الأمازيغي). Arabic-Berber. No topolectal indications: representative of all Amazigh dialects. Print only, 3 vols: 734, 427, 512pp. IRCAM.
  • Taïfi, Miloud. 1991. Dictionnaire tamazight-français (Parlers du Maroc central). Tamazight - French. Roman script. Paris : L'Harmattan-Awal. Print only. 879 pages (Amazon.fr). ISBN 2-906659-000, ISBN 978-2906659001. OCLC number: 27976420. (Version publiée de la thèse soutenue en 1988 à l’Université de Paris-III)
  • Tamazight/French Dictionary. Tarifit, dialect of Taza, Morocco. Roman script.
  • Tifin, le dictionnaire nord-africain interactif. “Plus de 5000 mots” 'Over 5000 words'. Apparently being developed by users on a Drupal kernel ("About", nominally the English page). Mostly French ↔ Tamazight (Roman script, "berbère unifié"), with generally empty columns for Tifinagh, Kabyle, Tachelhit, Tarifit, and Tamasheq.


Topical word lists

  • Animals. English, French, and Dutch navigation interfaces, but the lookup of animals is only in French. Click on a name in the list (e.g. CAMÉLÉON) and a popup shows a picture and a word in Tifinagh (the Tifinagh is image, not copyable text). On Tifawin children's portal. [120530]
  • Cardinal numbers in Algerian Amazigh and Moroccan Amazigh. (See note on encoding (Afus fonts).)
  • Parts of the human body. Pictorial lookup: point to a marker on a picture and a popup shows the name (singular and plural) in Tifinagh, Roman script, and French. On Tifawin children's portal. [120626]
  • Phytotherapie plants used in traditional medicine. (See note on encoding (Afus fonts).)
  • Les noms des plantes: Names of plants (mostly Moroccan). Lookup in French dropdown menu produces scientific name, Amazigh name in Roman script and in Tifinagh (which however pastes as Roman script), and a link to Google Images for that species. The same page also has a search engine for lookup by French word, which produces the French and botanical names and the Amazigh name in Roman script; this pane sometimes has a confusing mistaken interaction with the dropdown menu. The English- and Dutch-titled Plants names and Planten namen have the same French-only interface. On Tifawin children's portal. [120626]
Names
  • Amazighworld.org Amazigh names. About 60 names, some with gloss or discussion (French). Roman script.
  • Lasri, Brahim, and Karim Aguenaou. 2011. ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ (Tadlist n ismawn imaziy̳n) = Le petit livre des prénoms amazighes = The little book of Amazigh first names. IRCAM: Centre de l'aménagement linguistique. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-124). Publisher's description, in French. ISBN 9789954280805, ISBN 9954280804
  • Liste de prénoms amazighes. A few hundred names, with meanings and/or history in French and English. Roman script. * Mondeberbere.com. List of Amazigh names. About 230 forenames with glosses or explanations in French and English. Roman script.
  • Tari, Zahir. Berber Kings. About 40 names with dynastic genealogy. ASCII.
  • Tamazgha. Male, ~300; female, ~200. ASCII. Some have French spellings or notes appended.
  • Wikipedia: Liste de prénoms kabyles: 288 male, 29 female, some with meanings and/or historical notes in French. (CC-BY-SA),(GFDL) Reference given: Jean-Marie Dallet, «Liste de prénoms kabyles, masculins et féminins» dans Dictionnaire kabyle-français, Éditions SELAF, Paris, 1982 (1052 pages), pp. 1027-1035 (see Lexicon).

Monographs

  • Dell, François, and Elmedlaoui, Mohamed. 2002. Syllables in Tashlhiyt Berber and in Moroccan Arabic. Kluwer. ISBN 1402010761. [120618]
    Abstract (much edited): “intended to investigate the phonology of Tashlhiyt Berber and Moroccan Arabic. Generative phonology outlook. Analyzes and compares Tashlhiyt Berber and Moroccan Arabic syllable structure.”
  • El Moujahid, E. 1981. La classe du nom dans un parler de la langue tamazight: le tachelhiyt d'Ighrem (Souss-Maroc). Thèse pour le Doctorat de Troisième Cycle. Université René Descartes, Paris V, Sorbonne. Cited by Sadiqi 1997 (p112). [120618]
  • Fadoua, Ataa Allah, and Siham Boulaknadel. 2012. Natural Language Processing for Amazigh Language: Challenges and Future Directions (PDF). In Proceedings of the workshop on Language technology for normalisation of less-resourced languages (SALTMIL8/AfLaT2012), publ. by European Language Resources Association (ELRA), pp. 19-23. [121127]
    • Abstract: “Amazigh language, as one of the indo-European languages*, poses many challenges on natural language processing. The writing system, the morphology based on unique word formation process of roots and patterns, and the lack of linguistic corpora make computational approaches to Amazigh language challenging.
 In this paper, we give an overview of the current state of the art in Natural Language Processing for Amazigh language in Morocco, and we suggest the development of other technologies needed for the Amazigh language to live in "information society".”
    * [Despite this phrase, the paper says "The Amazigh language, known as Berber or Tamazight, is a branch of the Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) languages (Greenberg, 1966; Ouakrim, 1995)."]
  • Kossmann, Maarten G. 1999. Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère. Grammatische Analysen afrikaniscker Sprachen 12, ser. eds. Wilhelm J. G. Möhlig, and Bernd Heine. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. [120618]
  • Kossmann, M.G., & Stroomer, H.J. 1997. Berber Phonology. In Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Alan S. Kaye (ed.), pp. 461-475. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns. Leiden Univ. Repository → PDF; same PDF here. [The PDF, while generally legible, is pale, missing parts of many letters and often completely losing diacritics.] [120618]
  • Ouhalla, Jamal. The link between word structure and clause structure: Grammaticalisation in Berber. Queen Mary-London University. “This paper includes an attempt to reduce grammaticalisation, morphological reduction and restructuring at the phrase level to restructuring at the word level.” [120618]
  • Stroomer, Harry. 1994. Morphological Segmentation in Tachelhiyt Berber (Morocco). Études et Documents Berbère 11. Pp. 91-96. Abstract and ordering. [120618]
  • Stroomer, Harry, ed. Berber Studies. University of Leiden. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. “a linguistic and text oriented series set up to enrich our knowledge of Berber languages and dialects in general. It is a forum for data-oriented studies of Berber languages, which may include lexical studies, grammatical descriptions, text collections, diachronic and comparative studies, language contact studies as well as studies on specific aspects of the structure of Berber languages. An average of two volumes per year will appear at irregular intervals and will comprise both monographs and collections of papers.” ISSN 1618-1425. [37 volumes so far.] [121127]

Linguistic portals and bibliographies

  • IRCAM: Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, Royaume du Maroc. The Moroccan Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture. Publications, book lists, educational sites, and more. Site is in French, Tamazight, and Arabic.
  • Jucovy, Kyra and Alderete, John. Swarthmore College. June 2001 (updated August 2006). A Bibliography of Berber Language Materials. (PDF) “This bibliography is intended as a resource for research on Berber languages. The references ... are primarily devoted to linguistic research on Berber languages, but the bibliography may be of use to those interested in Berber literature, poetry, and music.” 76 pp. (See talk page.) [121127]
  • Lexilogos.com. Dictionnaire Berbère. This page has links to [121127]
    • online bi- and multilingual dictionaries
    • scans of dictionaries (1844-1907) of a number of Berber languages with French and sometimes Arabic
    • specialized dictionaries and word lists: animal names, I.T. terms, grammatical terms, plants, given names
    • texts on grammar, phonology
    • scans of grammars, mostly in French and old (1877-1914), but also Mouloud Mammeri's grammar of Kabyle in Kabyle (Roman script). Generally not copyable as text.
    • keyboards to create text in Roman script with special Berber characters, and in Tifinagh
  • tawalt.com. A project on Libyan Berber with several publications. Site is almost entirely in Arabic but some pages have Berber in Roman script. A Google search of this site for pages with any of the words in Roman script listed below yielded 45-50 hits. The Google search expression is [120619] :
     immik OR unna OR sakku OR xf OR ammu OR yekka OR wawal OR ttinin OR ttasin OR izdin OR yufa OR yegga OR tisnt site:tawalt.com
  • UCLA Language Materials Project. Information, citations, and abstracts on authentic materials and teaching materials, the latter including grammars and dictionaries; does not provide access to the materials themselves. [121127]

Encodings and Fonts

Fonts for Berber is a very large list maintained by Luc Devroye of McGill University; however, it does not regularly indicate encoding. See also below, Lists of Unicode fonts. [121129-- Nov 29, 2012]

Encodings

Unicode

The Unicode range for Tifinagh is 23D0-2D6F.

Unicode test pages

Afus

The Afus fonts Afus deg Wfus 1 and Afus deg Wfus 2 map the Tifinagh character set into one byte. This encoding maps most characters onto Roman equivalent codepoints, so Afus-encoded text displayed in a Unicode or ASCII font can be viewed as a transliteration.

Some sites (e.g., Les Aurès' Prénoms imazighen) intermix Amazigh and French without applying font code, so that the Tifinagh characters appear as the glyphs at the corresponding Latin-1 code point. E.g.:

Nom : tasel$a / Taselgha.

where tasel$a represents Image:Afus.gif.


Fonts

Unicode fonts

Lists of Unicode fonts

Tested
We have found the following fonts to support Unicode Tifinagh. This list does not claim to be exclusive.

Afus fonts

[121129] The Afus fonts Afus deg Wfus 1 and Afus deg Wfus 2, created by Afus deg Wfus (email), map the Tifinagh character set into one byte, with an encoding that maps most characters onto Roman equivalent codepoints. See note on encoding. They are downloadable from, at least,

Roman fonts

[121129] Amazigh Arial seems to be a one-byte font, incorporating only the Roman-based characters of the IRCAM orthography (but not the Greek-derived Ɛ ɛ Ɣ ɣ, nor Ř ř), assigning them to various places in the Latin-1 range, including letters not used in Amazigh words. E.g., the code points for ASCII capital A-Z become

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ǧ Ţ Q R S T U Ḍ W X Y Z

Available from Eaglefonts

Data Sources

Monolingual Text

Periodicals

Blogs

  • INGHMISEN n SOUSS. Sept. 30 - Nov. 3, 2006. Roman script, ASCII; the profile says "Les sons emphatiques sont en gras" (The emphatic sounds are in boldface). Some posts in Tachelhit.

Other

  • Mondeberbere: Tachelhit, Roman script, ISO 8859-1 or Windows-1252 encoding (accented letters are not recognized in UTF-8). Site has links to about a dozen short stories, proverbs, riddles.
  • Wikimazigh. Amazigh Wikipedia-style encyclopedia, but not on Wikimedia site. In French. Login required to edit. About 930 articles. Articles in the category Linguistique often contain definitions of some Amazigh words, or descriptions of some research on the language group. [121204]

Parallel Text

Video

  • Amazigh TV. Site is in Dutch and Berber Roman script). Videos in Berber (Tarifit, at least for some) and in Dutch, some in both; some Dutch captioning. Archive online, going back to 2008-01-27. [121205]

See also Portals.

Portals

  • ACAOH Official site of l'Association Culturelle Amazigh d'Ottawa-Hull [Canada]. Mostly in French, some Amazigh in Roman script. Links page [121205]
  • Amazigh News. Mostly in French, but some Amazigh links. [121205]
  • Amazigh-Voice: “The oldest Amazigh site on the web…” Mostly in English, with some French and bits of Tamazight in Roman script. [121205]
  • Tifawin. Website about children's chorus that seeks to educate children about Amazigh culture through music and reading. Several topical word lists (q.v.). Top level of site is in French, English, and Dutch, but only the French ones are functional.

Tools and Other NLP Resources

  • Tifinagh "keyboard": Table of Tifinagh letters and Roman script equivalents. Click on a Tifinagh letter or type the Roman equivalent (with a few modifications described below the table) to enter Unicode-compliant Tifinagh in the composition pane, which can then be copied and pasted. [121205]

Common words

This is a list of high frequency, not too short, words found in Berber texts; most are Tachelhit. It may be useful in searching for Roman-script texts on the Web. 

imikk
unna
sakku
xf
ammu
yekka
wawal
ttinin
ttasin
izdin
yufa
yegga
tisnt

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