Ewe/Ewe

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{{Under construction}}
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<center><font size=7>&Eacute;W&Eacute;</font>
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<font size=7>EWE</font></center>
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==General==
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===Language summary===
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(Information primarily from [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ewe Ethnologue], 2010-02-22)
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* ISO 639-3 code: ewe
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*Population: 2,250,000 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Total all countries: 3,112,000.
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*Also spoken in: Togo
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*Alternate names: Ebwe, Efe, Ehwe, Eibe, Eue, E&#x028b;+egbe, Eve, Gbe, Krepe, Krepi, Popo, Vhe.
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*Dialects: Adan, Agu, Anglo (Anlo, Awlan), Aveno, Awuna, Be, Gbin, Ho, Hudu, Kotafoa, Kpelen, Togo, Vlin, Vo. Westernmost language of the Gbe language subgroup.
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*Classification: [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=ewe Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Gbe]
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===Linguistic notes===
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====Writing====
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Ewe is written in the Roman alphabet with several additions, mostly based on [http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/ipachart.html IPA], and with diacritics (not always used) for tone and nasalization. Here is the alphabet in sequence:
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a&nbsp;&nbsp;
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b&nbsp;&nbsp;
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d&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''&#x0256;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- d-hook, barred-D -->
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dz&nbsp;&nbsp;
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e&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''&#x025b;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- epsilon -->
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f&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''&#x0192;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- f with tail -->
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g&nbsp;&nbsp;
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gb&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''&#x0263;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- gamma -->
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h&nbsp;&nbsp;
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i&nbsp;&nbsp;
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k&nbsp;&nbsp;
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kp&nbsp;&nbsp;
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l&nbsp;&nbsp;
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m&nbsp;&nbsp;
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n&nbsp;&nbsp;
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ny&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''&#x014b;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- engma -->
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o&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''&#x0254;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- open o -->
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p&nbsp;&nbsp;
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r&nbsp;&nbsp;
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s&nbsp;&nbsp;
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t&nbsp;&nbsp;
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ts&nbsp;&nbsp;
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u&nbsp;&nbsp;
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v&nbsp;&nbsp;
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'''&#x028b;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- upsilon -->
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w&nbsp;&nbsp;
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x&nbsp;&nbsp;
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y&nbsp;&nbsp;
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z
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The digraphs are treated as two-letter sequences for capitalization (e.g. "<u>Dz</u>ebi", but "AB&#x0186;<u>DZ</u>EINYANSAP&#x0190;").
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The non-ASCII characters have the following uppercase forms and Unicode values:
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{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
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! lowercase !! uppercase
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|-
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| '''&#x0256;''' (U+0256) || '''&#x0110;''' (U+0110) <!-- d-hook, barred-D -->
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|-
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| '''&#x025b;''' (U+025b) || '''&#x0190;''' (U+0190) <!-- epsilon -->
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|-
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| '''&#x0192;''' (U+0192) || '''&#x0191;''' (U+0191) <!-- f with tail -->
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|-
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| '''&#x0263;''' (U+0263) || '''&#x0194;''' (U+0194) <!-- gamma -->
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|-
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| '''&#x014b;''' (U+014b) || '''&#x014a;''' (U+014a)* <!-- engma -->
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|-
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| '''&#x0254;''' (U+0254) || '''&#x0186;''' (U+0186) <!-- open o -->
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|-
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| '''&#x028b;''' (U+028b) || '''&#x01b2;''' (U+01b2) <!-- upsilon -->
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|}
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>Uppercase engma (U+014a) has several rendering forms. See [http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2007-m10/0232.html discussion] and [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=SILUnicodeRF_Features alternatives offered by SIL].
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* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ewe.htm Omniglot page for Ewe]
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==Linguistic resources==
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===Grammar===
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* Adzomada, Kofi J. 1980. [http://ewegbe.net/content/section/1/6/ ''Grammaire ev̳e: aide-mémoire des règles d'orthographe de l'ev̳e'']. On [[#Portals|Ewegbe.net]] as "Grammaire Ewe".
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* Dzablu-Kumah, Simon Wellington. 2006. ''Basic Ewe for Foreign Students.'' Institüt für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln. [http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/afrikanistik/down/publikationen/basic_ewe.pdf PDF]
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* Kozelka, Paul R. 1980. ''Ewe (for Togo): Grammar Handbook''. Peace Corps Language Handbook Series. [http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED203709&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED203709 ERIC #ED203709]. -- No tone markings, according to [[#Linguistic portals and bibliographies|Schuh]]
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* Warburton, Irene; Ikpotufe, Prosper; Glover, Roland. 1968. ''Ewe Basic Course''. Indiana University - African Studies Program. [http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED028444&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED028444 ERIC #ED028444]
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** [http://languagelab.bh.indiana.edu/ewe_archive.html Recorded materials] at Indiana University Bloomington. (Internet Explorer & IUB Password required)
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===Lexicon===
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* [http://dictionary.kasahorow.com/all/ee Eʋegbe kasahorow Gbe Dictionary]. Not evaluated.  <small>''[Accessed 2010-02-23]''</small>
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====Topical word lists====
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=====Names=====
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===Monographs===
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*Agbedor, Paul. 1994. Verb Serialization in Ewe. ''Nordic Journal of African Studies'' 3(1):115–135. [http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol3num1/agbedor.pdf PDF]
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* Ameka, Felix K. 1995. The linguistic construction of space in Ewe. ''Cognitive Linguistics (includes Cognitive Linguistic Bibliography)''. Volume 6, Issue 2-3, Pages 139–182, ISSN (Online) 1613-3641, ISSN (Print) 0936-5907, DOI: 10.1515/cogl.1995.6.2-3.139. [http://www.reference-global.com/doi/abs/10.1515/cogl.1995.6.2-3.139 Published Online: 08/10/2009]. [http://www.reference-global.com/doi/pdf/10.1515/cogl.1995.6.2-3.139 PDF].
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* Ameka, Felix K. 2003. Multiverb constructions in a West African areal typological perspective. [http://www.ling.hf.ntnu.no/tross/ TROSS03] (Trondheim Summer School in Multi-Verb Constructions). [http://edvarda.hf.ntnu.no/ling/tross/ameka_TROSS03_paper.pdf PDF]
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*:"My aim in this paper is to take a step back and examine the properties of multiverb sequences in the languages on the West African coast, mainly “Old” Kwa languages, especially Akan, Ewe, Likpe, Fon and Yoruba, in which “uncontroversial” cases of serial verb constructions have been found and to propose ways and means of distinguishing between the various multi-verb constructions."
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===Linguistic portals and bibliographies===
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* [http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Gbe PanAfriL10n] (African localisation wiki), page for the Gbe group  <small>''[Accessed 2010-02-23]''</small>
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* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ewe '''SIL''' Bibliography]  <small>''[Accessed 2010-02-23]''</small>
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* [http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/schuh.htm Prof. Russell G. '''Schuh'''] of UCLA had a page of "References for Ewe", which was helpful in starting this resource page; but he has removed it from the Web as being long out of date.  <small>''[p.c., 2010-02-23]''</small>
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* [http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/Biblio/biblio.php?LGNOM=ewe WEB-BALL Ewe resource list]. [http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/Biblio/ WEB-BALL] is a version of J. P. Maho's [http://goto.glocalnet.net/maho/eball.html EBALL] (Electronic Bibliography for African Languages and Linguistics), hosted by [http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/ LLACAN] (Langage, Langues, et Cultures d'Afrique Noire).  <small>''[Accessed 2010-02-23]''</small>
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====From Wikipedia====
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The following list is copied directly from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_language#Bibliography Wikipedia] <small>''[Accessed 2010-02-23]''</small>:
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* Ansre, Gilbert (1961) ''The Tonal Structure of Ewe''. MA Thesis, Kennedy School of Missions of Hartford Seminary Foundation.
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* Ameka, Felix Kofi (2001) 'Ewe'. In Garry and Rubino (eds.), ''Fact About the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present'', 207-213. New York/Dublin: The H.W. Wilson Company.
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* Clements, George N. (1975) 'The logophoric pronoun in Ewe: Its role in discourse', ''Journal of West African Languages'' 10(2): 141-177
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* Collins, Chris. (1993) ''Topics in Ewe Syntax''. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT.
 +
* Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1991) ''A Comparative Phonology of Gbe'', Publications in African Languages and Linguistics, 14. Berlin/New York: Foris Publications & Garome, Bénin: Labo Gbe (Int).
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* Pasch, Helma (1995) ''Kurzgrammatik des Ewe'' Köln: Köppe.
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* Westermann, Diedrich Hermann (1930) ''A Study of the Ewe Language'' London: Oxford University Press.
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==Encoding and Fonts==
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===Encodings===
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====Unicode====
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* [http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/bylanguage/Ewe.html Penn State info page]; [http://tlt.psu.edu/suggestions/international/bylanguage/Ewechart.html Penn State chart of Unicode Entity Codes for ____] (including OS X and Windows keyboard entry)
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===Fonts===
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'''Lists of Unicode fonts'''
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* [http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/ Alan Wood’s] Unicode Resources: Unicode fonts for Windows computers.
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* [http://www.wazu.jp/ Wazu Japan's] Gallery of Unicode fonts
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====Conversion====
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There may be some electronic text in Ewe that is not in Unicode. This utility may be helpful:
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* [http://www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/hardiea/unicodify.htm  Unicodify]: From Lancaster University, producers of the Emille corpus. For Windows; source code available.
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====Transliteration====
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==Data Sources==
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===Monolingual Text===
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====News====
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=====Print=====
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* ''Kpodoga''
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* ''Mortabiala''
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* ''Nutifafa''
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Apparently these have all ceased publication. ''Kpodoga'' ran from 1976 to 1983 (Obeng-Quaidoo 1988, below, p.3). The launch of ''Nutifafa'' was announced in the English-language Ghanaian newspaper ''The Statesman'' ([http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=3541&section=1 2007-05-22]), but it is unclear whether it was ever actually published. (Web searches for "Nutifafa" yield many irrelevant search hits, many as a personal name.)
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 +
The article includes the sentence "Previous Ewe language newspapers were ''Mortabiala'' and ''Kpodoga''", implying that ''Mortabiala'' was also extinct.
 +
 +
Confusingly, the article ends with the sentence, apparently referring to the nascent ''Nutifafa'':
 +
:The tabloid size quarterly featured stories mainly on religious and social issues with a cover price of ¢5,000.
 +
 +
=====Studies of Ewe publications=====
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*Obeng-Quaidoo, Isaac. 1988. Assessment of the experience in the production of messages and programmes for rural communication systems: The case of the Wonsuom Project in Ghana. ''International Communication Gazette''. Jan 1988; vol. 42: pp. 53 - 67. [http://gaz.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/42/1/53 PDF].
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* Opare-Abetia, J. 1982. ''Kpodoga, an experiment in the uses of a rural community newspaper : a report on a workshop sponsored by Unesco on the use of a rural community newspaper in the use of the mother tongue in education and the preservation of cultural identit,''[sic]'' Tsito, August 27-31, 1981.'' Legon : Institute of Adult Education, University of Ghana. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/kpodoga-an-experiment-in-the-uses-of-a-rural-community-newspaper-a-report-on-a-workshop-sponsored-by-unesco-on-the-use-of-a-rural-community-newspaper-in-the-use-of-the-mother-tongue-in-education-and-the-preservation-of-cultural-identit-tsito-august-27-31-1981/oclc/123207846 Worldcat]
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====Blogs====
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====Books====
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* '''Ghana Language Board'''. [[#Linguistic portals and bibliographies|Schuh]] mentioned elementary school books produced by this group, probably included those shown in [http://www.flickr.com/photos/abena/sets/72157622217572462/with/3882069164/ this Flickr album]: "Photos of Ghana Science Books printed by the Ghana Language Board in the 1960s"
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====Word lists====
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* [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/EWE/EWE.html UCLA archive] of spoken word lists
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===Parallel Text===
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* [http://hum.leiden.edu/research/africanliteratures/verbaafricana/verba-africana.html Verba Africana] Ewe stories <small>''[Accessed 2010-02-22]''</small>: "recorded in the house of the storytellers [...] The audience was a group of pupils from the local primary school."
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** [http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/verba-africana/ewe/b-ewe-tales.htm transcription with interlinear English translation]
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**video recording with Ewe and English subtitles is available in the Documentation DVDs. ''[[http://hum.leiden.edu/research/africanliteratures/contact.jsp Contact].]''
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*** [http://wm.stream1.fsw.leidenuniv.nl/let/Verba-Africana/ewe/ewe-twins.wmv 4-minute online video sample] with English subtitles
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===Speech===
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*See [[#Parallel Text|Verba Africana]] above.
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===Video===
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*See [[#Parallel Text|Verba Africana]] above.
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===IPR notes===
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==Portals==
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* [http://www.ewegbe.net/ Ewegbe.net] (primarily in French)  <small>''[Accessed 2010-02-23]''</small>
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==Tools and Other NLP Resources==
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==Miscellaneous==
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[[Category:Ewe]]

Revision as of 18:32, 9 May 2011

THIS PAGE IS

UNDER CONSTRUCTION



ÉWÉ


EWE



Contents

General

Language summary

(Information primarily from Ethnologue, 2010-02-22)

  • ISO 639-3 code: ewe
  • Population: 2,250,000 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Total all countries: 3,112,000.
  • Also spoken in: Togo
  • Alternate names: Ebwe, Efe, Ehwe, Eibe, Eue, Eʋ+egbe, Eve, Gbe, Krepe, Krepi, Popo, Vhe.
  • Dialects: Adan, Agu, Anglo (Anlo, Awlan), Aveno, Awuna, Be, Gbin, Ho, Hudu, Kotafoa, Kpelen, Togo, Vlin, Vo. Westernmost language of the Gbe language subgroup.
  • Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Gbe

Linguistic notes

Writing

Ewe is written in the Roman alphabet with several additions, mostly based on IPA, and with diacritics (not always used) for tone and nasalization. Here is the alphabet in sequence:

a   b   d   ɖ   dz   e   ɛ   f   ƒ   g   gb   ɣ   h   i   k   kp   l   m   n   ny   ŋ   o   ɔ   p   r   s   t   ts   u   v   ʋ   w   x   y   z

The digraphs are treated as two-letter sequences for capitalization (e.g. "Dzebi", but "ABƆDZEINYANSAPƐ"). The non-ASCII characters have the following uppercase forms and Unicode values:

lowercase uppercase
ɖ (U+0256) Đ (U+0110)
ɛ (U+025b) Ɛ (U+0190)
ƒ (U+0192) Ƒ (U+0191)
ɣ (U+0263) Ɣ (U+0194)
ŋ (U+014b) Ŋ (U+014a)*
ɔ (U+0254) Ɔ (U+0186)
ʋ (U+028b) Ʋ (U+01b2)

*Uppercase engma (U+014a) has several rendering forms. See discussion and alternatives offered by SIL.

Linguistic resources

Grammar

Lexicon

Topical word lists

Names

Monographs

  • Agbedor, Paul. 1994. Verb Serialization in Ewe. Nordic Journal of African Studies 3(1):115–135. PDF
  • Ameka, Felix K. 1995. The linguistic construction of space in Ewe. Cognitive Linguistics (includes Cognitive Linguistic Bibliography). Volume 6, Issue 2-3, Pages 139–182, ISSN (Online) 1613-3641, ISSN (Print) 0936-5907, DOI: 10.1515/cogl.1995.6.2-3.139. Published Online: 08/10/2009. PDF.
  • Ameka, Felix K. 2003. Multiverb constructions in a West African areal typological perspective. TROSS03 (Trondheim Summer School in Multi-Verb Constructions). PDF
    "My aim in this paper is to take a step back and examine the properties of multiverb sequences in the languages on the West African coast, mainly “Old” Kwa languages, especially Akan, Ewe, Likpe, Fon and Yoruba, in which “uncontroversial” cases of serial verb constructions have been found and to propose ways and means of distinguishing between the various multi-verb constructions."

Linguistic portals and bibliographies

  • PanAfriL10n (African localisation wiki), page for the Gbe group [Accessed 2010-02-23]
  • SIL Bibliography [Accessed 2010-02-23]
  • Prof. Russell G. Schuh of UCLA had a page of "References for Ewe", which was helpful in starting this resource page; but he has removed it from the Web as being long out of date. [p.c., 2010-02-23]
  • WEB-BALL Ewe resource list. WEB-BALL is a version of J. P. Maho's EBALL (Electronic Bibliography for African Languages and Linguistics), hosted by LLACAN (Langage, Langues, et Cultures d'Afrique Noire). [Accessed 2010-02-23]

From Wikipedia

The following list is copied directly from Wikipedia [Accessed 2010-02-23]:

  • Ansre, Gilbert (1961) The Tonal Structure of Ewe. MA Thesis, Kennedy School of Missions of Hartford Seminary Foundation.
  • Ameka, Felix Kofi (2001) 'Ewe'. In Garry and Rubino (eds.), Fact About the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present, 207-213. New York/Dublin: The H.W. Wilson Company.
  • Clements, George N. (1975) 'The logophoric pronoun in Ewe: Its role in discourse', Journal of West African Languages 10(2): 141-177
  • Collins, Chris. (1993) Topics in Ewe Syntax. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT.
  • Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1991) A Comparative Phonology of Gbe, Publications in African Languages and Linguistics, 14. Berlin/New York: Foris Publications & Garome, Bénin: Labo Gbe (Int).
  • Pasch, Helma (1995) Kurzgrammatik des Ewe Köln: Köppe.
  • Westermann, Diedrich Hermann (1930) A Study of the Ewe Language London: Oxford University Press.

Encoding and Fonts

Encodings

Unicode

Fonts

Lists of Unicode fonts



Conversion

There may be some electronic text in Ewe that is not in Unicode. This utility may be helpful:

  • Unicodify: From Lancaster University, producers of the Emille corpus. For Windows; source code available.


Transliteration

Data Sources

Monolingual Text

News

Print
  • Kpodoga
  • Mortabiala
  • Nutifafa

Apparently these have all ceased publication. Kpodoga ran from 1976 to 1983 (Obeng-Quaidoo 1988, below, p.3). The launch of Nutifafa was announced in the English-language Ghanaian newspaper The Statesman (2007-05-22), but it is unclear whether it was ever actually published. (Web searches for "Nutifafa" yield many irrelevant search hits, many as a personal name.)

The article includes the sentence "Previous Ewe language newspapers were Mortabiala and Kpodoga", implying that Mortabiala was also extinct.

Confusingly, the article ends with the sentence, apparently referring to the nascent Nutifafa:

The tabloid size quarterly featured stories mainly on religious and social issues with a cover price of ¢5,000.
Studies of Ewe publications
  • Obeng-Quaidoo, Isaac. 1988. Assessment of the experience in the production of messages and programmes for rural communication systems: The case of the Wonsuom Project in Ghana. International Communication Gazette. Jan 1988; vol. 42: pp. 53 - 67. PDF.
  • Opare-Abetia, J. 1982. Kpodoga, an experiment in the uses of a rural community newspaper : a report on a workshop sponsored by Unesco on the use of a rural community newspaper in the use of the mother tongue in education and the preservation of cultural identit,[sic] Tsito, August 27-31, 1981. Legon : Institute of Adult Education, University of Ghana. Worldcat

Blogs

Books

  • Ghana Language Board. Schuh mentioned elementary school books produced by this group, probably included those shown in this Flickr album: "Photos of Ghana Science Books printed by the Ghana Language Board in the 1960s"


Word lists

Parallel Text

Speech


Video


IPR notes

Portals

  • Ewegbe.net (primarily in French) [Accessed 2010-02-23]

Tools and Other NLP Resources

Miscellaneous

Retrieved from "http://lrwiki.ldc.upenn.edu/mediawiki/index.php/Ewe/Ewe"
Personal tools